Biography of King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand

Bhumibol Adulyadej (December 5, 1927–October 13,  2016) was the king of  Thailand  for 70 years. At the time of his death, Adulyadej was worlds longest-serving head of state and the  longest-reigning  monarch in  Thai history. Adulyadej  was known for being a calming presence at the center of Thailands recent stormy political history. Fast Facts: Known For:  King of Thailand (1950–2016), the longest-reigning monarch in the worldAlso Known As:  the Great (Thai:  Ã  ¸ ¡Ã  ¸ «Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸ £Ã  ¸ ²Ã  ¸Å ,  Maharaja), Rama IX, Phumiphon AdunlayadetBorn: December 5, 1927  in Cambridge, MassachusettsParents: Prince Mahidol (1892–1929) and Srinagarindra (nà ©e Sangwan Talapat)Died:  October 16, 2016 in Bangkok, ThailandEducation: University of LausanneAwards and Honors:  Human Development Lifetime Achievement AwardSpouse: Mom Rajawongse Sirikit Kiriyakara (m. 1950)Children: Maha Vajiralongkorn (king of Thailand 2016–present), Sirindhorn, Chulabhorn, Ubol Ratana Early Life Bhumibol Adulyadej (known as Phumiphon Adunlayadet or King Rama IX) was born on December 5, 1927, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, into the royal family of Thailand. As the second son born to his parents, and because his birth took place outside of Thailand, Bhumibol Adulyadej was never expected to rule Thailand. His reign came about only after his older brothers violent death. Bhumibol, whose full name means strength of the land, incomparable power, was in the United States because his father, Prince Mahidol  Adulyadej, was studying for a public health certificate at Harvard University. His mother, Princess Srinagarindra (nà ©e Sangwan Talapat), was studying nursing at  Simmons College  in Boston. When Bhumibol was 1, his family returned to Thailand, where his father took up an internship in a hospital in Chiang Mai. Prince Mahidol was in poor health, though, and died of kidney and liver failure in September 1929. Revolution and an Education In 1932, a coalition of military officers and civil servants staged a coup against King Rama VII. The Revolution of 1932 ended the Chakri dynastys absolute rule and created a constitutional monarchy. Concerned for their safety, Princess Srinagarindra took her two young sons and young daughter to Switzerland the following year. The children were placed in Swiss schools. In March 1935, King Rama VII abdicated in favor of his 9-year-old nephew, Bhumibol Adulyadejs older brother Ananda Mahidol. The child-king and his siblings remained in Switzerland, however, and two regents ruled the kingdom in his name. Ananda Mahidol returned to Thailand in 1938, but Bhumibol  Adulyadej remained in Europe. The younger brother continued his studies in Switzerland until 1945,  when he left the University of Lausanne at the end of World War II. Succession On June 9, 1946, young King Mahidol died in his palace bedroom from a single gunshot wound to the head. It was never conclusively proved whether his death was murder, accident, or suicide. Nevertheless, two royal pages and the kings personal secretary were convicted and executed for the crime of assassination. Adulyadejs uncle was appointed his prince regent, and Adulyadej returned to the University of Lausanne to finish his degree. In deference to his new role, he changed his major from science to political science and law. An Accident and a Marriage Just as his father had done in Massachusetts, Adulyadej met his wife-to-be while studying overseas. He often went to Paris, where he met the daughter of Thailands ambassador to France, a student named Mom Rajawongse Sirikit Kiriyakara. Adulyadej and Sirikit began a courtship, visiting Paris romantic tourist sights. In October 1948, Adulyadej rear-ended a truck and was seriously injured. He lost his right eye and suffered a painful back injury. Sirikit spent a lot of time nursing and entertaining the injured king; the kings mother urged the young woman to transfer to a school in Lausanne so that she could continue her studies while getting to know Adulyadej better. On April 28, 1950, Adulyadej and Sirikit were married in Bangkok. She was 17 years old; he was 22. The king was officially crowned one week later, becoming Thailands monarch and officially known thereafter as King Bhumibol Adulyadej. Military Coups and Dictatorships The newly crowned king had very little actual power. Thailand was ruled by military dictator Plaek Pibulsonggram until 1957  when the first of a long series of coups removed him from office. Adulyadej  declared martial law during the crisis, which ended with a new dictatorship forming under the kings close ally, Sarit Dhanarajata. Over the next six years, Adulyadej would revive many abandoned Chakri traditions. He also made many public appearances around Thailand, significantly reviving the prestige of the throne. Dhanarajata died in 1963 and was succeeded by Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn. Ten years later, Thanom sent out the troops against huge public protests, killing hundreds of protestors. Adulyadej opened Chitralada Palaces gates to offer refuge to the demonstrators as they fled the soldiers. The king then removed Thanom from power and appointed the first of a series of civilian leaders. In 1976, however, Kittikachorn returned from overseas exile, sparking another round of demonstrations that ended in what came to be known as The October 6 Massacre, in which 46 students were killed and 167 injured at Thammasat University. In the aftermath of the massacre, Admiral Sangad Chaloryu staged yet another coup and took power. Further coups took place in 1977, 1980, 1981, 1985, and 1991. Although Adulyadej  tried to stay above the fray, he refused to support the 1981 and 1985 coups. His prestige, however, was damaged by the constant unrest. Transition to Democracy When a military coup leader was selected as prime minister in May 1992, huge protests broke out in Thailands cities. The demonstrations known as Black May turned into riots, and the police and military were rumored to be dividing into factions. Fearing a civil war, Adulyadej called the coup and opposition leaders to an audience at the palace. Adulyadej was able to pressure the coup leader into resigning. New elections were called and a civilian government was elected. The kings intervention was the beginning of an era of civilian-led democracy that has continued with just one interruption to this day. Bhumibols image as an advocate for the people, reluctantly intervening in the political fray to protect his subjects, was cemented by this success. Death In 2006, Bhumibol suffered from lumbar spinal stenosis. His health began to decline and he was hospitalized frequently. He died at the Siriraj hospital in Bangkok on October 16, 2016. Crown prince Vajiralongkorn  ascended to the throne, and his official coronation was held on May 4, 2019. Legacy In June of 2006, King Adulyadej and Queen Sirikit celebrated the 60th Anniversary of their rule, also known as the Diamond Jubilee. United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan presented the king with the UN’s first Human Development Lifetime Achievement Award to Bhumibol at a ceremony in Bangkok as part of the festivities. Although he was never intended for the throne, Adulyadej  is remembered as a successful and beloved king of Thailand, who helped calm turbulent political waters over the decades of his long reign. Sources Beech, Hanna. King of Thailand to Be Formally Crowned in an Ornate Spectacle. The New York Times, May 3, 2019.Editorial Board. The King Who Personified Thailand. The New York Times, October 14, 2016.  Grossman, Nicholas,  Dominic Faulder, Chris Baker et al. King Bhumibol Adulyadej: A Lifes Work: Thailands Monarchy in Perspective. Editions Didier Millet, 2012Handley, Paul M. The King Never Smiles: A Biography of Thailands Bhumibol Adulyadej. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2006.  Bhumibol, a King of the People, Leaves Them to the Generals. The New York Times, October 13, 2016.

Bibl105 - 1034 Words

Natalie Sorto Essay Question 1: Biblical Worldview Professor Stroh 10/1/2015 As we know, everyone has his or her own worldview. Take a peek into mine as I talk about human identity, natural world, human relationships, and civilization. After reading Genesis 1-11 we’ve seen how God has worked with those four major concepts, and how He has shaped our world today. In Genesis 3:11-12 (Then He asked, â€Å"Who told you that you were naked? Did you eat from the tree that I commanded you not to eat from?† Then the man replied, â€Å"The woman You gave to be with me-she gave me some fruit from the tree, and I ate it.†) Before eating from the tree neither Adam nor Eve knew that they were naked, nor did they care. From my worldview, this is when God†¦show more content†¦God creating civilization in my eyes is one of the most amazing things. Without civilization our world wouldn’t be what it is today. God gave us a second chance and though it’s not perfect that’s why us Christians work everyday to strive to be more and more like him, to make this wicked world a better place. As you read about my worldview, of course it’s like none other, because no ones will ever be the same. Everyone sees things differently and comprehends things differently. My worldview is unique, I came to Christ not too long ago, I try my best to make it to church every weekend and I try my best spread God’s love as much as I can. Of course some people may not believe in what I do, but they have to believe in something. Which is why everyone’s worldview is unique and interesting, you never know if by sharing you cause someone to seek interest in what you believe in. Sharing is one of the best things we can do; it’s one of the best ways Christians can reach people. Before writing this essay I wasn’t sure what my worldview was, but now I do. It’s simple, I believe God came and he created life in all aspects. He created the world and everything inside it. With Him doing that, I would’ve never had the opportunities that I do today, and Ià ¢â‚¬â„¢ll forever be grateful for

Classism in Handmade Tale free essay sample

Classism is a sense of sharing a similar social and economic status in society.In our society, classism come from human prejudice and discrimination on the self-evaluation of social class. Classicism is a sense of superiority complex by mankind, very similar in a lot of ways to want to be different from others. It is a kind of sense of belief that we are better than others in variations of wealth, material possessions, and furthermore, racism, sexual expression, as well as many other forms of oppression. The artificial oppression in all class societies is classism. Classism fundamentally come from the intentional economic exploitation of one group of people by another people who has authorities and powers of control through the planning of protection of their own benefits. All kinds of oppressions have been made intentionally and are created as means of supporting the exploitationsIs Classism in Canadian society a beauty or beast?Man-made classism as the beast makes humans not only is a self-destructive system but also represents brutal human instincts openly. We will write a custom essay sample on Classism in Handmade Tale or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Artificial classism completely destroy our humanities. Social and political, economic occupational, racial hierarchies, skin color deprive us of human dignity. Especially, racial hierarchy is intrusion with blasphemy to divine boundary. Economic occupational classism. Many people perceive that there is an enormous classism in wealth, assets, and power. Authorities by economic occupation is classism. According to this fact, there would also be differences of gap in access to education, and health care and leisure time. So, economic inequality, affect peoples access to quality and affordable education, and health care, sufficient food, as well as leisure conditions. Unfortunately, life chances at education and jobs are extremely influenced by the classism. But fortunately, the increasing unequal disparities can be controlled by government. In handmaid tale there are many classism, aunts, handmaid, wives, economies. Marathas work as servants, and housekeepers. Their job is clean houses, go shopping, and cook and serve meals. Most Marathas are infertile, low-ranking, and unmarried women, some widows, feminists, lesbians, and all women who are incapable of social contribution within the Republics strict gender divisions.Even Gilead expel Unwoven to the colonies . Handmaids are a class in the republic of Gilled are perhaps the most important role but happen to also be the most oppressed, as they are working with breeding machine to supplying Gilead with more children for keeping population. Wives are usually married to high ranking men in Gilead, such as commander and Angels who has power in their society. Social and political classism is another aspect that is revealed in this book. In Marxism, the societal hierarchy and classism is decided by the social political classism. But in capitalist society, the hierarchy is created by money and the individuals function in society. The growth of capitalism along with industrialization is economic system in which businesses are privately owned and governed by endless competitions. All men are above all women. The social hierarchy is divided by two sections, men and women. In handmade tale, the meaning of the Guardians arent real soldiers. Theyre used for routine policing and other menial functions, digging up the Commanders Wifes garden, for instance, and theyre either stupid or older or disabled or very young, apart from the ones that are Eyes incognito. (handmade 9) represents a social and political classism.And in the conversation, Dont let the bastards grind you down. I repeat this to myself but it conveys nothing. You might as well say, dont let there be air; or dont be. I suppose you could say that. unstable foundation of classism for society is revealed. The political classism by power can transform natural human reaction into ordinary without criticism.Ordinary, said Aunt Lydia, is what you are used to. This may not seem ordinary to you now, but after a time it will, it will become ordinaryLocal and racial hierarchies. Atwoods Handmaids Tale has long been regarded as a critical feminist book, but, when reading it, most characters are the white. The same race that happens to be the mainstream ethnicity that dominates the culture and racial hierarchy in Canadian society. This story was written in 1985, and minor and major setting is only United States not in Canada. The novel The Handmaids Tale is set in United States where the theocratic Christian authoritarian regime of Gilead has replaced the old order, not in Canada. The book does not explain clearly why other racial characters are not showed in Gilead. America is also multi-racial country. This story implicates interest in only white babies which is racist. Why only white babies when there are babies of other colors? The society is racist because it prefers non-minorities with characters being mostly composed of white people.Conclusion,Classism involve inequalities and prejudices between members of the different groups. Although there are many different types of classism, racial classism is the most difficult and significant problem in the world. In every part of the world, there have been a lot of efforts in eradicating racism especially in Canada and U. S A. They are a slowly making a difference but abolishing the racial hierarchy is still a long-term aim. Racial hierarchy in Canada and in USA still exists and hides in the minds of a lot of people. Social and political, economic occupational, racial hierarchy is critical problem to keep sound society. Especially racial hierarchy because it seems like an incurable disease that is difficult to handle. This is especially true as racial hierarchy disease is deeply hidden in human minds. It is not easy to fix something that is dormant in the deep minds of people. For curing this disease, Canadian society needs to be more opened minded and have more exposure to different cultures. Once people understand that we are all the same even with different skin color, maybe then people can come to unite together as humans rather than as different race. Then we will eventually come to eliminate classism and the problem that it causes to society and the people.

Competitive Strategy 3M Pharmaceuticals

Question: Describe about the Competitive Strategy for 3M Pharmaceuticals. Answer: Introduction For this research essay, I would like to select Food/Beverage Industry and Pharmaceutical Industry as research industries. Along with this, I would like to pick Coca-Cola Amatil, McDonalds Australia, 3M Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd. and Cipla Australia Pty Ltd. as research companies. Moreover, it should be noted down that, the companies Coca-Cola Amatil and McDonalds Australia are linked to Food/Beverage industry. The companies 3M Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd and Cipla Australia Pty Ltd are related to pharmaceutical industry. On the other hand, this research essay would be beneficial to portray the Adaptation, Aggregation and Arbitrage theories or AAA framework in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. Also, the essay would also be useful to illustrate that how the selected industries and companies have used Adaptation, Aggregation and Arbitrage theories to pursuit their businesses. AAA Framework/ Adaptation, Aggregation and Arbitrage Theories In todays globalized era, most of the organizations are focusing on AAA framework or adaptation, aggregation and arbitrage theories to expand and pursuit their business in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. Along with this, the adaptation, aggregation and arbitrage theories play a significant role in order to improve the overall market position and market share of businesses in the global market (Buckley and Ghauri, 2015). Moreover, with the help of these theories, the business organizations those work in different industries become able to accomplish competitive advantages over the competitors. The adaptation, aggregation and arbitrage theories are also valuable for the business firms in order to make effective utilization of available resources and to improve organizational efficiency in an effectual and an appropriate manner (Heinecke, 2011). On the other hand, it should also be noted down that, the selected business organizations also adopt and implement the adaptation, aggregation and arbitrage theories in order to pursuit their business effectually. The below given table is helpful to understand that how these different business organizations used the adaptation, aggregation and arbitrage theories for the overall development of the businesses: Theory Name Pharmaceutical Industry Food/ Beverage Industry 3M Australia Cipla Australia Coca-Cola Amatil McDonalds Adaptation Innovation Externalization Variation Innovation Aggregation Geographic Administrative Geographic Cultural Arbitrage Improve Performance Reduce Cost Improve Performance Decline Risk On the other hand, the adaptation, aggregation and arbitrage theories those are used by the business firms are described as below: Adaptation Theory: Adaptation theory plays a significant role in order to improve market share and profitability of business organizations. Along with this, according to this theory, business firms need to modify their business models components in order to meet requirements and preferences of customers. This theory also plays an important role in the value creation of the business organizations. On the other hand, adaption theory involves a lot of methodologies and approaches for the growth and success of the business (Lee, Jeon, Kim and Kim, 2010). For case, innovation, focus, variation, design and externalization are the major approaches those are used by business industries and business firms for the overall development of the businesses. The adoption theory is widely used by Food/ Beverage Industry in order to pursuit its business in an effective and an appropriate way. At the same time, it should also be noted down that, the food beverage company Coca-Cola Amatil uses variation approach in order to fulfill the needs and wants of customers properly (CCA. 2016). In current, different food beverages companies are offering different products to their customers. For that reason, Coca-Cola Amatil also uses variation approach to meet local requirements or preferences in a proper way. Moreover, it should also be noted down that, DietCoke, Fanta, Sprite, Vox (vodka), Bisleri, Coca-Cola Vanilla, Nestea, Vodka O, Coca-Cola Zero, Sprite Zero, Lift, Kirks, Powerade, and so on are the major variants of the products that are offered by Coca-Cola Amatil to fulfill the needs and wants of customers. It means that Coca-Cola Amatil used variation method to provide unique products and to create unique image in the eyes of its customers (Tihanyi, Pedersen, Devinney and Banalieva, 2015). Apart from this, Coca-Cola Amatil also uses variation approach to attract new cust omers and to retain existing customers of all the age groups in an effective and a significant manner. On the other hand, it should also be noted down that, McDonalds Australia also focuses on adaption strategy to pursuit its business in an effective way. McDonalds uses innovation adaptation approach to accomplish its goals objective and to accomplish competitive advantages in a specified time period. McDonalds Australia makes a lot of efforts to maintain innovation within the company (McDonald's Australia. 2016). Moreover, it should also be noted down that McDonalds is continuously offering innovative products and services to its customers. McDonalds Australia uses innovative promotional strategies to promote its products or services in the marketplace. In addition to this, McDonalds also focuses on the innovative product designs in order to attract more and more customers for the growth and success of the organization. The innovation approach of adaption theory plays a critical role to improve market position, market share, productivity, and profitability and to offer competitive a dvantages to McDonalds Australia (Gooderham, Gooderham and Grgaard, 2013). Along with this, 3M Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd or 3M Australia also uses innovation adaption approach in order to pursuit its business in the market. It is because of the Australian market mainly focuses on continual improvement as well as incremental innovation (3M Australia. 2016). For that reason, innovation is essential in order to survive in todays more complex and competitive business era. Moreover, with the help of innovation approach, 3M Australia makes a lot of efforts to improve and maintain innovation in its products/services. 3M Australia also modifies the components of its business model to meet local requirements or preferences in a proper way (Hubbard, Rice and Galvin, 2014). On the other hand, it should also be noted down that, Cipla Australia Pty Ltd adopts and implements externalization strategy to accomplish the goals and objectives of the business. Moreover, with the help of this strategy, Cipla Australia focuses on strategic alliances, networking, and franchises to fulfill local requirements and to reduce costs or risks related to business in an effective and a more comprehensive manner (Cipla Australia Pty Ltd. 2016). On the whole, it can be said that, adaptation strategy is used by business firms to pursue the business and to improve market position in the global marketplace. Aggregation Theory: Aggregation theory plays a critical role to accomplish economies of scale or scope all the way through creating regional or global efficiencies. Aggregation theory focuses on standardization and value proposition to pursuit business in an effective and a significant manner. Along with this, geographic, economic, cultural, and administrative are the major approaches that come under the aggregation theory (Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Zentes, 2015). Moreover, different business firms use different approaches of aggregation theory to accomplish competitive advantages effectively. Along with this, it should be noted down that, Coca-Cola Amatil uses geographic approach in order to retain all the customers in a proper way. Also, with the help of this, Coca-Cola is able to locate its plants and stores in the different geographical locations. The geographic approach plays a significant role to provide competitive advantages and to improve market share as well as position of the firm (Mauri and de Figueiredo, 2012). On the other hand, McDonalds Australia adopts and implements cultural approach to fulfill the needs and wants of the different cultural people. The cultural aggregation approach is also beneficial to reduce the costs and to improve the revenues of McDonalds. Moreover, with the help of cultural approach, McDonalds becomes able to understand the tastes and preferences of its customers and also alters the components of business model to meet the requirements or preferences of the customers. On the other hand, it should also be noted down that, pharmaceutical industry or companies mainly focus on administrative and geographic approaches to pursuit their businesses in the international market. For example, 3M Australia focuses on geographic aggregation approach to place its stores and plants in different geographical areas. Moreover, with the help of this approach, 3M Australia also building strategic partnerships with local customers and partners in order to develop its unique image in the minds of customers (Jha, Dhanaraj and Krishnan, 2015). Apart from this, Cipla Australia uses administrative aggregation approach in order to establish its new outlets in different geographical locations in order to target more customers. Also, with the help of this strategy, Cipla Australia become able to develop strong chains to attract new customers and to retain existing customers in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. In general, it can be said that, aggregation strategy is also used by business organizations in order to improve their position in the international market. Arbitrage Theory: Arbitrage theory illustrates economic and other differences between regional or national markets. This theory also plays a significant role to order to establish separate parts of the supply chain in diverse places. This strategy is essential to create global advantages for business organizations. Along with this, performance improvement, cost reduction, risk minimization, etc. are the major arbitrage approaches or strategies that are implemented by business organization to achieve competitive advantages and to improve organizational efficiency in an effective and an appropriate manner (JovanoviĆ¡, TodoroviĆ¡ and Komazec, n.a.). Moreover, the pharmaceutical industry and food/beverage industry also use arbitrage theory to expand their businesses at the global level. Along with this, it should be noted down that, Coca-Cola Amatil used performance improvement arbitrage approach to expand its business in different geographical areas. Moreover, with the help of this ap proach, Coca-Cola becomes able to improve its overall performance and market position in an effective way. On the other hand, McDonalds Australia uses risk minimization strategy in order to reduce different operational and administrative costs properly. Also, by using this approach, McDonalds established separate parts of its supply chain in various places. This strategy is also beneficial for the firm to reduce added costs and to improve marketability goodwill at the global level (Ramsey, Alvim, Forteza and Micheloni, 2010). Along with this, 3M Australia also used performance improvement arbitrage approach to improve organizational performance and effectiveness in an effective way. This approach is also beneficial for 3M to establish supply chains in different geographic locations in order to target more customers. Moreover, with the help of this approach, 3M become able to improve its performance in both local and global market. Apart from this, Cipla Australia used cost reduction arbitrage strategy to produce goods service at lower costs. For case, with the help of this approach, Cipla become able to utilize the available resources and reduce costs of products effectively. The firm also becomes able to develop strong relationship with the local suppliers to improve its bargaining power and to offer products to customers at a very lower cost (Outterson, 2013). Also, this strategy is also beneficial for the firm in order to identify and evaluate supply chains and market risks in an appropriate way. In a ddition, with the help of this approach, Cipla become successful to differentiate itself from competitors. Hence, it can be said that, business organizations adopt and implement adaptation, aggregation and arbitrage theories to pursuit their businesses in todays competitive business environment. Conclusion On the premises of the above discussion, it can be assumed that, AAA framework (Adaptation, Aggregation and Arbitrage) is valuable for the growth and success of the business organizations. Moreover, it is also observed that, business firms must adopt and implement adaptation, aggregation and arbitrage theories to pursuit of their business in an effective and an appropriate manner. Along with this, it is also scrutinized that, with the help of these theories, business firms would be able to maintain their reputation and to improve their market positions in the international marketplace. In conclusion, it can be said that, in order to accomplish competitive advantages and long term profits, business companies must adopt and implement these theories in an effective and a proper manner. References 3M Australia. (2016). About Us. Available At: https://www.3m.com.au/3M/en_AU/company-au/?WT.mc_id=www.3m.com.au [Accessed On: 6th Sep. 2016] Buckley, P.J. and Ghauri, P.N. (2015). International Business Strategy: Theory and Practice. NY: Routledge. CCA. (2016). About Us. Available At: https://www.ccamatil.com/ [Accessed On: 6th Sep. 2016] Cipla Australia Pty Ltd. (2016). About Us. Available At: https://www.cipla.com/en/australia.html [Accessed On: 6th Sep. 2016]. Gooderham, P.N., Gooderham, P.N. and Grgaard, B. (2013). International Management: Theory and Practice. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. MC Heinecke, P. (2011). Success Factors of Regional Strategies for Multinational Corporations: Appropriate Degrees of Management Autonomy and Product Adaptation. USA: Springer Science Business Media. Hubbard, G., Rice, J. and Galvin, P. (2014). Strategic Management. Australia: Pearson Australia. 3M Jha, S., Dhanaraj, C. and Krishnan, R. (2015). HOW DOES MULTINATIONAL RD EVOLVE IN EMERGING MARKETS? Available At: https://www.imd.org/research/publications/upload/2015-2-How-Does-Multinational-RandD-Evolve-in-Emerging-Markets-13-04-15.pdf JovanoviĆ¡, M., TodoroviĆ¡, I. and Komazec, S. (n.a.). THE NEED FOR A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH IN DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING A GLOBAL STRATEGY. Econophysics, Sociophysics Other Multidisciplinary Sciences Journal (ESMSJ) Staff, p.26. Lee, S.H., Jeon, R.K., Kim, J.H. and Kim, J.J. (2010). Strategies for developing countries to expand their shares in the global construction market: phase-based SWOT and AAA analyses of Korea. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(6), pp.460-470. Mauri, A.J. and de Figueiredo, J.N. (2012). Strategic patterns of internationalization and performance variability: effects of US-based MNC cross-border dispersion, integration, and outsourcing. Journal of International Management, 18(1), pp.38-51. McDonald's Australia. (2016). About Maccas. [Online]. Available at: https://mcdonalds.com.au/about-maccas [Accessed On: 6th Sep. 2016]. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H. and Zentes, J. (2015). Strategic International Management: Text and Cases. USA: Springer. Outterson, K. (2013). Pharmaceutical Arbitrage: balancing access and innovation in international prescription drug markets. Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics, 5(1), p.4. Ramsey, J.R., Alvim, F., Forteza, J.H. and Micheloni, J. (2010). International value creation: An alternative model for Latin American Multinationals. GCG: Revista de Globalizacin, Competitividad and Gobernabilidad, 4(3), pp.62-83. Tihanyi, L., Pedersen, T., Devinney, T.M. and Banalieva, E. (2015). Emerging Economies and Multinational Enterprises. UK: Emerald Group Publishing.

Irans influence and balance of power in the Middle East

Introduction The structure and balance of power that was established and amended in the Middle East after the Cold War has been greatly affected with Iran becoming a principal player influencing balance of power in the region. Studies indicate that the increasing levels of unrests in the Middle East play a pivotal role in transforming the dynamics and balance of power in the region (Barzegar 2010, 78).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Iran’s influence and balance of power in the Middle East specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The balance of power in any region depends heavily on the involvement of great power and how this is put into force in regional systems. Iran’s dependence on powerful allies and its superior capabilities have equipped it sufficiently to influence regional power balances. Research question: Why has Iran influenced the balance of power in the Middle East in light of the Arab unres t? Background: For the purpose of this study, some of the keywords and main concepts to answer the research question will include Influence, balance of power, Middle East and Arab’s unrest. Research Objective: To determine why and in what ways Iran is influencing the balance of power in the Middle East Context: The physical setting of the research and the study environments will be in the Middle East and it will be completely natural. Literature review Iran’s regional influence Nasri (2009, 70) points out in her article Iran: Island of stability or land in Turmoil that Iran’s neighbors and the United states have over the years expressed serious concerns over the regional ambitions that Iran has, the role it has played in influencing its neighbors domestic political circumstances and the capability it has to spoil any peace process.Advertising Looking for proposal on diplomacy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many scholars and analysts argue almost unanimously that events happening in the Middle East are due to power struggles between the Arab states which are ruled by the Sunni who are being led by Saudi Arabia and Egypt, and Iran which has formed a team with its proxies and allies like Hezbollah, Hamas and Syria (Pilisuk, Jeniffer Gianina 2008, 112). Opponents of the paradigm regard it as overly one-dimensional and argue that the regional influence as well as the role of Iran in the region is due to its demographic and physical attributes. Nasri and Takeyh (2008, 86) concur with the opponents’ arguments and indicates that Iran is a rich country of considerable resources and size which consequently gives it the ability to impact the region both negatively and positively. Iran’s nuclear power In their publication called beyond moderates and militants, Malley and Halling (2010, 24) posit that though determining the intentions of Iran in developing a nuclear program may b e difficult, the program has massively empowered it as a stronghold in the region able to influence power balances. Iran’s nuclear program and its weaponization have been perceived by many analysts as a certainty. The international community, Iran’s neighbors and the United States have also shown concern over Iran’s nuclear program and its nature perceiving it as an imminent threat. Malley and Halling continue to observe that the program could be due to competing political and economic interests, and which may eventually lead to arms race, regional and territorial wars, complicated relationships with the US and damaged economies. Iran’s ability to produce energy Iran’s source of funds which it uses to support terrorism, fund its nuclear program and as leverage over those who condemn its activities come from its energy resources. Herman (2002, 668) points out in his article ABU DHABI-Abu Dhabi: oil and beyond that out of the entire world oil, Iran o wns up to 10% of global oil reserves and is the third largest owner from Canada and Saudi Arabia. In terms of crude oil, it exports large volumes and is considered fourth largest behind Norway, Russia and Saudi Arabia (Herman 2002, 669). Besides, it has massive oil and gas reserves second to Russia. Analysts point out that even with these, security and economic concerns between Iran and those of its neighbor countries conflict in terms of policies, priorities and relationship. Iran uses its energy resources to influence and control the regions political activities. Its ambitions have been perceived by many analysts as those which outweigh security concerns and which could easily trigger regional military conflicts (Ulrichsen 2009, 49). Those nations opposed to its influence may not policy challenge its influence for economic and dependence reasons.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Iran’s influence and balance of power in the Middle East specifically f or you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Support for terrorism Iran’s support for terrorist activities in the Middle East is one of the major strategies it uses to influence balance of power in the region (Franssen 2010, 22). Reports on terrorism issued by the US State Department indicates that Iran has over the years offered support to US-designated militant groups and terrorist organizations which include Afghanistan Taliban fighters, Iraqi militants, Palestinian terrorist groups, Hamas and the Lebanese Hezbollah (Nasr Takeyh 2008, 89). Oktav (2011, 139) points out in his article The Gulf States and Iran: a Turkish perspective, that this has massively undermined the regional political stability especially in Iraq and posed great threats to Lebanon and Israel among others. In addition, its support for terrorism is a great influence that challenges the efforts put by the US to advance peace process, promote regional stability and stabilize Afghanis tan and Iraq. Oktav continues to point out that through supporting terrorism, Iran easily exploits the existing sectarian and political discord in Lebanon and Palestine. Besides, by ensuring that there is a proxy military in Hezbollah, it can indirectly perpetuate conflict between Israel and Arabs. Hypothesis The high level of unrest in the Middle East and the political security arrangements tailored along balance of power are incapable of ensuring and maintaining stability and the much needed security in the region, especially with the fall of Iraq’s Baathist regime. Studies indicate that the settings of balance of power are normally based on rise of rival actors to power as well as on a win-lose or zero-sum game. The unrest in the region has been brought about by a balance of power system which has generated wars, crises, distrust and tensions (Oktav 2011, 140). In addition, the US and Iran are the only two trans-regional and regional actors with the capabilities of establi shing solutions on political security and conducting military operations in the region. Is it nuclear power, energy abilities, political and economical interests in the region amidst the instability and unrest that Iran is taking advantage of and intends to use it to influence balance of power, advance its policies and establish new governments?Advertising Looking for proposal on diplomacy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research method and design Testing hypothesis The two basic approaches that will be applied to determine the reason for Iran’s influence in the Middle East will be qualitative and quantitative. In quantitative, the study will involve 300 respondents to represent the total population which is the proportion of the entire population that would have been approached for interviews. On the other hand qualitative research will be conducted through interview either in-depth one-on-one or in groups. Focus groups will also be used. Dependent and independent variables To determine the dependent variable, the study will examine the causes of unrest and the Middle East and the factors that are making Iran to influence power balance. On the other hand, independent variables will be obtained from studying the effects of balance of power in the Middle East. Data collection The research methodology applied in this research will be designed to achieve the set objective and test of the paper. Data collection methods for this research will be conducted through primary and secondary methods. The latter method will include books, academic journals, online articles, past projects by different authors, statistics from government and non-governmental organizations on Iran’s influence on balance of power in the Middle East. It will also involve a study of various academic works and research papers balance of power, reasons for unrest in the Middle East and security measures by the US. Primary data will be collected from surveys and interviews that will be conducted on various government and military leaders in the Middle East. Data analysis and discussions will be written from the findings on different academic resources, the survey and the interview. The study will review and classify findings, dependence and independence variables from different statistics and the situation in the Middle East as far as Iran’s influence in balance of power is concerned. It will a lso present statistics and information collected from the outlined sources to get a professional understanding of the issue References Barzegar, Kayhan. â€Å"Balance of power in the Persian gulf: an Iranian view.† Middle East Policy 17, 3 (2010): 74-87. Franssen, Herman. â€Å"ABU DHABI-Abu Dhabi: oil and beyond. The Middle East Journal 63, 4 (2009): 668-669. Malley, Robert Harling, Peter. â€Å"Beyond moderates and militants.† Foreign Affairs 89, 5 (2010): 18-29. Nasri, Grace. â€Å"Iran: Island of stability or land in Turmoil.† Domes 18, 1 (2009): 57- 73. Nasri, Vali Takeyh, Ray. â€Å"The Costs of Containing Iran; Washington’s Misguided New Middle East Policy.† Foreign Affairs 87, 1 (2008): 85-94. Oktav, Zeynep. â€Å"The gulf states and Iran: a Turkish perspective.† Middle East Policy 18, 2 (2011): 136-147. Pilisuk, Marc. Rountree Jeniffer and Pellegrini Gianina. â€Å"Playing the imperial game: the mindset behind the attack on Iraq .† Peace Research 40, 2 (2008): 39- 59,112. Ulrichsen, Kristian. â€Å"Internal and external security in the Arab Gulf States.† Middle East Policy 16, 2 (2009): 39-58. This proposal on Iran’s influence and balance of power in the Middle East was written and submitted by user Cailyn Cruz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Gray Seal Facts (Halichoerus grypus)

Gray Seal Facts (Halichoerus grypus) The gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) is an earless or true seal found along North Atlantic coasts. It is called the gray seal in the United States and the grey seal elsewhere. It is also called the Atlantic seal or the horsehead seal, for the males distinctive arched nose. Fast Facts: Gray Seal Scientific Name: Halichoerus grypusCommon Names: Gray seal, grey seal, Atlantic seal, horsehead sealBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 5 feet 3 inches - 8 feet 10 inchesWeight: 220-880 poundsLifespan: 25-35 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: North Atlantic coastal watersPopulation: 600,000Conservation Status: Least Concern Description Like other earless seals (family Phocidae), the gray seal has short flippers and lacks external ear flaps. Mature males are much larger than females and have a different coat color. Males average around 8 feet long, but may grow to over 10 feet in length. They weigh up to 880 pounds. Males are dark gray or brownish gray with silver spots. The species scientific name, Halichoerus grypus, means hook-nosed sea pig, and refers to the males long arched nose. Females range from around 5 feet 3 inches to 7 feet 6 inches in length and weigh between 220 and 550 pounds. They have silver-gray fur with dark scattered spots. Pups are born with white fur. The gray seal bull has a distinctive horsehead face. Noemi De La Ville / 500px / Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Gray seals live in the North Atlantic Ocean. There are three large gray seal populations and numerous smaller colonies. The species occurs in great numbers in the coastal waters of Canada south to Massachusetts (with sightings in Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), the Baltic Sea, and the United Kingdom and Ireland. The seals are most often seen when they haul out in winter. They frequent rocky coasts, icebergs, sandbars, and islands. Gray seal distribution. Darekk2 using IUCN Red List data /  Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license Diet Seals are carnivores. Gray seals eat fish, squid, octopuses, crustaceans, porpoises, harbor seals, and seabirds. Mature males (bulls) will kill and cannibalize pups of its own species. Gray seals can dive for as long as an hour at depths up to 1,560 feet. They use sight and sound to hunt their prey. Behavior For most of the year, gray seals are solitary or live in small groups. During this time, they rest in open water with only their head and neck exposed to air. They gather on land for mating, pupping, and molting. Reproduction and Offspring Males may breed with several females during the mating season. Gestation lasts 11 months, resulting in the birth of a single pup. Females give birth in March in the Baltic, from December to February in the western Atlantic, and from September to November in the eastern Atlantic. Newborn pups have white fur and weigh around 25 pounds. For 3 weeks, the female nurses her pup and does not hunt. Males do not participate in pup care but may defend females from threats. After this time, the pups molt into their adult coats and head to the sea to learn to hunt. Pup survival rate ranges from 50-85%, depending on weather conditions and prey availability. Females become sexually mature at 4 years of age. Gray seals live between 25 and 35 years. Conservation Status The IUCN classifies the gray seal conservation status as least concern. Although the species was nearly extirpated in the mid-20th century, it began to recover in the 1980s following the passage of the 1972 Marine Mammal Protection Act in the United States and the Conservation of Seals Act 1970 in the United Kingdom (which does not apply to Northern Ireland). Gray seal population size has continued to increase. As of 2016, the population was estimated to be 632,000 gray seals. Some fishermen have called for a cull, believing high seal numbers are at least partly responsible for low fish stocks. Threats Gray seals are legally hunted in Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic Sea. Risks to the seals include entanglement in fishing gear, by-catch, collision with ships, pollution (especially PCBs and DDT), and oil spills. Climate change and severe weather also affect the seals and their prey. Gray Seals and Humans Gray seals do well in captivity and are commonly seen in zoos. They were traditionally popular in circus acts. According to Scottish scholar David Thomson, they gray seal was the basis of the Celtic seal legend of the selchie, a creature that could assume human and seal form. While gray seals frequent inhabited areas, people are advised to avoid feeding or harassing them, as this alters seal behavior and ultimately endangers them. Sources Ailsa j, Hall; Bernie j, Mcconnell; Richard j, Barker. Factors affecting first-year survival in grey seals and their implications for life history strategy. Journal of Animal Ecology. 70: 138–149, 2008. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2001.00468.xBjrvall, A. and S. Ullstrà ¶m. The Mammals of Britain and Europe. London: Croom Helm, 1986.Bowen, D. Halichoerus grypus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T9660A45226042. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T9660A45226042.enBowen, W.D. and D.B. Siniff. Distribution, population biology, and feeding ecology of marine mammals. In: J.E., Reynolds, III and S.A. Rommel (eds), Biology of Marine Mammals, pp. 423-484. Smithsonian Press, Washington, D.C.. 1999.Wozencraft, W.C. Order Carnivora. In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.

Developing an Implementation Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Developing an Implementation Plan - Assignment Example Additionally, peer support will contribute to enthusiasm and buy-in for the implementation process. Administrative support is equally important because it will influence the degree to which institutions will implement the program. Below is the process of obtaining informal approval: Formal approval will require the submission of the program implementation plan to Site Based Research Review. SBR will review the proposal to assess the validity and legality of the contents of the plan. Afterward, the SBR will assign a director who will then forward the proposal to the Institutional Review Board (IRB) for review. The implementation will then commence after the approval of the IRB. Research studies reveal that health associated infections (HAIs) are some of the most common complications that healthcare organizations and practitioners face. For instance, a new research study reveals that more than two million people develop HAIs every year. The infections result in approximately 1,000 deaths every year. HAIs are also responsible for health care costs in excess of 30 billion dollars. Thus, addressing the issue of HAIs is critical in reducing healthcare costs and enhance patient safety. One of the approaches to addressing the problem of HAIs is reducing the prevalence of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) among patients. CAUTIs are the most typical examples of HAIs, and they account for more than 35 percent of infections. The U.S. Department of Health estimates the total annual cost of CAUTI to be 565 million dollars, and the annual rate of deaths from CAUTI is 8,205 (). Additionally, approximately six hundred thousand patients develop urinary tr act infections from hospitals and cases of CAUTI are approximately 75 percent. However, the good news is that researchers have revealed that healthcare systems can prevent CAUTIs and that approximately 70 percent of CAUTI episodes can be prevented. Additional research studies reveal that patients